A personal narrative
The British Factor and Asia in the Twentieth Century

Chapter XI

DJ is serialising extracts from the proposed book by Maj (Retd) RAJA MUHAMMAD SARWAR DHUDDY.

PAKISTAN WOES

a. Field Marshal M. Ayub Khan
i. Undemocratic Rule.

Pakistan was a new country. A country formed from provinces which were basically agricultural and had no industry and its economic structure, its constitution and all other Tiers of a Democracy and administration were to be built. The old guard Muslim Leaguers, team of Quaid-e-Azam, did its best and then the nation lost its founder at the heels of sectarian riots engineered by Hindu-Sikh combine of politicians who did not accept Pakistan from their hearts. Mr. Liaquat Ali Khan, the experienced and able Prime Minister was first menaced by some self-seeking bureaucrats and some young ambitious politicians and then he was murdered under a conspiracy.

Ghulam Muhammad - Sikandar Mirza - Ayub Khan combine destroyed developing democratic institutions and established dictatorial rules in turns. F.M. Ayub Khan having come out most successful of the lot tried some old politicians under special act of EBDO (Elective Bodies Disqualification Act) and then he introduced his new concept of Basic Democracies. This was destruction of old established harmonious social system. This concept divided neighbours from neighbours, families between members and class from another class. These, nonentities in politics, were first allured to corruption and then given free licence to practice every form of corruption.

It is boasted that an industrial base was setup during his regime. Would we like to see these things against the multi billions dollar international debit which has placed us under control of World Bank and IMF permanently. In any case, have the inheritors of greatest network of irrigation canals become self sufficient in food, leave alone it being a granary for the region.

We lost, at Tashkent Table talks what we won so dearly on the battlefield and then the nation was given a new theme ‘Salinity Control’, Anti Malaria Control, Food under PL480 Programme and what not. Kashmir was to be placed in cold storage.

ii. Estrangement of East Pakistan

The country was composed of 5 provinces with some tribal territories. A destructive brain wave created one unit out of provinces of West Pakistan with the other unit being East Pakistan. Now, that wing was talking of its majority share of the two, because of being more populous.

As against that a suggestion was made to create four provinces out of East Pakistan, based on division forced by large rivers. Even then each of those provinces would have had more population than most of the provinces of West Pakistan. That by compulsion would have created four different legislative assemblies and as many more Governors and Chief Ministers, satisfying the political aspirations of many in that wing. This was not even heard and Field Marshal’s active advisors and wizards advised use of authoritative force to subdue political opponents.

This provided a golden chance to Shaikh Mujeebur Rehman, only a provincial level politician and a Lieutenant of Dynamic HUSSAIN SHAHEED SUHARWARDI, to exploit economic differences and disparities in services. Some ministers and bureaucrats, called hawks, advised or supported Ayub Khan to try the Shaikh for conspiracy. The infamous Agartala conspiracy case was dragged for so long that nation lost interest in it and the Shaikh was raised to a level that only rejoinders from the Presidency were considered necessary. Psychological separation of the two wings of Pakistan became talk of the day. The shallow minded Shaikh raised his ‘six point’ formula as a permanent settlement of our problems.

Military courts were established to deal with funny cases which brought ill repute for the armed forces and in many cases there were allegations of favouritism and even corruption. One such case should sufficiently support this point.

At SIALKOT, I found myself nominated as a member of such a court. The important case referred to this court, was an absurd and totally false accusation against a leading person of an influential family of a big village. The well-placed person about 35 years of age was accused of having raped an old ugly woman, wife of a worker of the accused person. How should that become a problem of MARTIAL LAW? However, the district administration passed on this to Martial Law administrator who referred it to this court. The court comprised of a Lieutenant Colonel as the president with a senior Magistrate and I as the two members.

On the first day, during our preliminary session we read the charges and the initial prosecution story. The background and gist of the story was that after the introduction of ‘Basic Democracy’ the contenders for political seat in local bodies elections were from the same village if not from the same family. Previously, the constituency for such elections was much wider and it comprised many villages, which kept the real rivals of the same family or village away from direct confrontation. The personal grudge and lust to be Number One in influence became irresistible and that assured that a society, otherwise fairly peaceful, went through rivalry and enmity unheard before.

In this particular case, the two contenders were from the most influential clan, holding major portion of land. The main mosque of the village had attached to it some agricultural land and the person who cleaned and served the mosque received income of that land. He also was provided a mud house belonging to the accused for his living besides many other privileges. The complainant was the wife of that worker and the accused was the Chaudhury who controlled the said mosque. Somehow, the menial voted for the other Chaudhury. As a reaction the accused Chaudhury having jurisdiction over the mosque, was annoyed and he asked the worker to leave the service of mosque and to vacate the house, since he had no right to be there after his bad faith for him and the majority of attendants of that mosque. The worker making complaint to the other Chaudhury who had received his votes, was told to make such an allegation towards which end he was assured full support, in fact all was done at the instance of the rival. Now, the court had to record the evidence of about two dozen witnesses from both sides and the file became very fat. It took the court about one month and yet there was no end to volunteer witnesses from both sides. One wonders, how many of them could be ‘Eye Witnesses’? When the court closed recording of evidence, and at my suggestion it decided to visit the village to see the site or place of supposed crime. The court, through police, ensured that all the concerned who were at the court did not enter their village. We were lucky to be there without any word being passed to the people at the village.

The court was abundantly clear of the facts of the case within about 20 minutes of the arrival. Important evidence was gathered from fresh witnesses on the site. Complainant’s own mother-in-law was absolutely ignorant and stated that nothing of the sort had happened and that on the said day she was at home throughout. She also stated that the accused was a kind and very important person of the village and that she and her family were ever grateful to him for his kindness. She also stated that the Chaudhury being highly respectable had never visited their house. Some ladies of a house just opposite stated that the complainant was working on threshing of millet corns just outside the wall in their full view and there was no truth of the said Chaudhury ever passing through their street, leave alone visiting the house of complainant. The evidence that the court gathered within 20 minutes was clear enough to totally nullify what had been recorded at the court-room in a month.

The above story emphasizes the point of absurdity of involving Armed Forces into such activities, because there is a limit to which they can go. There is imperative need to change our decayed judicial and administrative system. The other point that comes out so clearly is that non-politicians should refrain from being the wisest in politics. Martial Law served only to put back the country in its political development and it multiplied the existing corruption and his concept of ‘Basic Democracy’ was the worst thing ever, since it only increased animosities which cannot be now reversed easily.

There were such trivial and funny cases, referred to military courts, which made joke of the Martial Law. A few instances may further prove the point. One case which our court had to deal was of a young ‘pick pocket’. Yet another case was that of a young man having eloped with a young girl. The army high ups should have understood the game of bureaucrats and the police who deliberately passed on such routine natured cases to military courts. If we sincerely analyze the outcome, we will see that Martial Law did not solve even a single national problem. Our national problems being, corruption at all levels, class hatred, political indiscipline, national integration against ethnic and regional divisions, education and health, food production and self sufficiency besides the all important dispute of Kashmir.

iii.Shifting of Capital From Karachi

Another factor which has caused destruction to Pakistan is shifting of Federal Capital from Karachi to Islamabad. It is not far to remember the main reasons advanced for this. One was that, Karachi being a commercial centre was corrupting government officials and the other was vulnerability of Karachi to enemy attack. How very funny it is and what a joke with the nation. Has corruption ever been reduced or is Islamabad any safer place and does Karachi need safety against enemy action only if the Federal government is located there? Only a few major catastrophes which befell PAKISTAN due to this despicable decision are separation of East Pakistan and creation of Muhajir Qaumi Movement (MQM) at Karachi and in Sindh. Can we forget late Shaikh Mujeeb-ur-Rehman’s bitter words that “Roads of Islamabad smell of Jute”. Meaning that the money from jute of East Pakistan, was being used in building of Islamabad. Would Karachi’s affairs be like what these are today? Can any economist give us rough estimates of construction material, money, time and effort of our not too liberal engineering resources which have gone to build this beautiful but cursed Capital? Pakistan, besides education as priority one could have developed economically with Anti-Flood measures, Anti-Saline measures and development of our Agriculture, development of Communications, generation of Electricity and Power which is our major problem today, had that effort been made into such national development schemes. We would not have gone into multi billion dollars international debit. ISLAMABAD, no doubt is a beautiful city and is pleasing to any one’s eyes, but did a poor developing country like ours, which is in very heavy international debit, deserve to enjoy such a luxury? If at all Capital was required to be shifted, it should have been established at a site near about Multan, which is most central location at least as far as West Pakistan is concerned. The hard thinking British established huge cantonments and other buildings needed during World War II. They did so on temporary basis which had cost very modestly but those buildings are still being utilized usefully after lapse of over half a century. Why couldn’t Pakistan plan like that? Let us just look at the offices of our bureaucrats and their comforts of air-conditioners, cars and what else we have. Can’t they work under our weather conditions like masses in various walks of life? During 1948-49, in Rawalpindi at the GHQ we used to see almost all Brigadiers and officers below that rank going about on bicycles. It is our misfortune to see total destruction of our inherited simple but practical ways of life, at the hands of our successive corrupt regimes. Besides former East Pakistan (now Bangladesh), a section of politicians from our other smaller provinces, especially Sindh, are no admirers of Islamabad. How many of Sindh and Balochistan politicians are keen to visit this far away city? Only those who get top positions and high rewards are seen around.

How many of such leaders and many others are vying for a ‘SARAIKI’ province in South Punjab? Would not Multan have become centre of their attraction for reasons of regional and ethnic closeness? Multan has a high place in our ancient and early history.

iv. Indus Water Treaty

Kashmir and the district of Gurdaspur, having been given to India, treacherously, it was ensured by practical implications that control of rivers Ravi, Chenab and Jhelum also went into Indian hands. Short history of pre Indus Water Treaty is clear how that country strangulated our agricultural economy. We were reduced to receiving only the uncontrollable floods. To achieve appreciation of America and others we agreed to give away our rights on those Eastern rivers for ever. Is there any such precedence in human history? The Mangla Dam which we received as compensation has a short life and what thereafter? Link canals destroyed thousands of acres of fertile agricultural land. Was this accepted under the self-conceit that we saved the country from war with our larger and stronger enemy? Is temporary lease of life any solution?

b.         MR ZULFIQAR ALI BHUTTO

i. Class Hatred

Society which Pakistan inherited included scores of Nawabs, Sardars, Princes, Jagirdars, Peers and Religious Houses. From times immemorial, society had settled in which various sections of population worked in different professions. Some were considered more honourable than the others. It was all a voluntary system and those who worked on easy occupations and provision of services received satisfactory remunerations from those for whom they worked. One cannot equalise a labourer with an officer, Manager or a Director. Each class holds different level of responsibility and their qualifications are vastly different. Ignoring the basic principle of “Deserve before privilege” Mr. Z.A. Bhutto, to avenge his dismissal by his political father, of his own choosing, went down to leaving nothing regardless of what damage it would do to this new nation. He raised slogans to split the society into two - The ‘haves’ and ‘have-nots’ or call it the Better off and the Poor. His ROTI, KAPRA AND MAKAN allured and enticed the poor and labour class. The hatred was carried so deep that same man who worked for Mr. “A” in his village or mohallah would refuse to wish ‘assalom-o-alaikum’ when passing through the same street which they share even now.

ii. Break up of Country

General AGHA MUHAMMAD YAHYA KHAN, taking over from Field Marshal MUHAMMAD AYUB KHAN had no alternative system of government which he could introduce. Things were too much for that soldier and he decided to hold general elections. The elections were held and it is said that these elections were most fair. In fact it was wrong decision at wrong time and under bad circumstances that those elections were held. That was an indirect effort at giving stamp to SHAIKH MUJEEB-UR-REHMAN’S cessation of East Pakistan. Political atmosphere was such that there was no central political party in the country. While SHAIKH MUJEEB’s Awami League was most popular in East Pakistan, endorsing his future programme, in West Pakistan Mr. Z. A. BHUTTO’s People’s Party was poles apart from Awami League of East Pakistan. At the same time while SHAIKH MUJEEB had no interest whatsoever in fielding any candidate of his party in West Pakistan. Mr. Z.A. BHUTTO ensured that he even did not think of putting up any candidate from East Pakistan. Other parties such as Muslim League and Jamaat-i-Islami were visible poor runners. For any political analyst it wasn’t difficult to forecast or foresee the outcome. There it happened and the result being exactly as desired by the two leaders of Awami League and the People’s Party, they were hilarious and became stubborn and power drunk not to see unifying factor to keep the country together through political parleys, but nothing doing, and even other stalwarts, who had either retained their own seats plus an odd more due to playing their regional tunes, played irresponsible part in order to justify their old and rigid political theories. Gulf between the two winners continued to widen and there wasn’t anyone strong enough or serious enough to reverse the fast deteriorating situation. Ill-advised, YAHYA KHAN adopted the worst course which couldn’t avoid disintegration of the country and at the same time we were left absolutely lonely with our best friends in the International world also abandoning us. Had he chosen the other option, that is, a political settlement, in spite of Bhutto, we would not have faced that humiliation and national disgrace at the hands of our enemy India. I believe Mujeeb, came to know of his Bangladesh having been established much later when he was told by ZAB before being flown out on release. He is reported to have told ZAB, something like this “You could have handed it over to me and avoided the disgrace” or words to that effect. Now the final outcome has given, India had a great cause to feel proud and she has gained tremendous respect in the International world while we are advised from all corners to respect that country as a hegemonic power. Loss of East Pakistan on one side, we were left to lick our wounds and cry for repatriation of our prisoners who were paraded throughout the length and breadth of India. The ruthless new leader embarked on a programme which included socialization of the country as against our struggle to introduce Islamic laws. For this, he needed to defame and bring Armed Forces under his total control, he therefore, did every thing necessary towards that end. For example, he deliberately delayed return of prisoners from Indian captivity and to disgrace the soldiers he announced over the media retirement of about a dozen Senior Generals - was it necessary to publicize and propagate it? He then sent a delegation of our women to America, begging the world for help to return our prisoners of war. He introduced Nationalisation of Industries and encouraged union activities which were counter productive. He introduced a cursed cultural show at a stadium in Islamabad which he imported from communist NORTH KOREA. His minister of the day, a young dynamic personality then, was proud to have detailed a well spread out programme on how to communize this Islamic country. All this was done while Khadim-e-Kaabah, late KING KHALID BIN ABDUL AZIZ was made to sit as our guest of honour. The manner in which thousands of our young boy and girl students were given freedom while carrying out rehearsals in different institutions of RAWALPINDI-ISLAMABAD should be still preserved in every parents memory. All that is on record and how easily this nation has been made to forget all that. It was such policies against which the conscience of people revolted and leaders of different political thoughts and parties waged an agitation resulting in overthrow of that tyrannical regime.

c. General MUHAMMAD ZIA-UL-HAQ

Armed Forces are one solid asset which was inherited by Pakistan at its birth. No other department or organ of State structure was organised or trained as were the officers and men who made up the Armed Forces. These men had received fair amount of experience and having passed through the phase of World War II and the political struggle in combined India, they worked hard and with dedication while remaining within their discipline, to assist in all national activities. Many a time earlier they had served the nation well. We may recall, Armed Forces relief work during Partition, early Kashmir Struggle, Flood Reliefs, earlier Martial Law tenures, wars with aggressive and larger neighbour. Plight of the nation as a result of East Pakistan’s tragedy and the Fall of Dacca and all that followed which is still very fresh in our memory.

After unanimous frantic cries by senior politicians of all shades for saving the country from above stated tyrannies and the eventual fate towards which it was being driven, the Army, to fulfil its duty exercised its option when there was no other way left. General ZIA was the person at the helm of affairs then, as such it fell to his lot to ‘Bell the Cat’. There were strong rumours of efforts being made to involve the country into civil war. There is no doubt, anywhere - even to the outside world, that the civil government of that time had lost its mandate, it was powerless and most unwanted and in spite of its best efforts, it could not organise even one counter public meeting or rally against the daily street rallies, of the opposition. General ZIA-UL-HAQ announced enforcement of Martial Law and there was great relief all over. The country was saved from civil war and he declared his intentions of holding Free and Impartial elections for formation of true representative government. As is necessary for every one assuming control, the Martial Law authorities were also required to do some “cleaning work”, how much or to what efficiency they did, is a separate matter, but the nation went through it. Our erstwhile politicians having some respite from repressive control, demanded “accountability” before going back to civilian rule. Leaders like Khan ABDUL WALI KHAN, Air Marshal (retired) MUHAMMAD ASGHAR KHAN and many more are on record. Any one with realistic sense wouldn’t expect General ZIA-UL-HAQ, to say “Sorry - you have it back”.

There were only a few practical options for the Martial Law authority which possibly included, a new system based on a “Nizam of Shura”. This was greatly demanded by our religious political parties and it also was in consonance with the feelings and aspirations of the general public. Various ‘Geniuses’ came forward and for long 10-11 years the country had to go through various trials, internally as well as externally. Country’s multi-headed problems were further enhanced by machinations and anti Pakistan activities of our ill-wishers and enemies. Our internal affairs drifted to an unseen war between the supporters of two diametrically opposed camps i.e. pro-ZAB and pro-Martial Law. While ZIA regime was struggling to find a genuine alternative political force, which should have been generally acceptable to the people, he was menaced with International war right at our doors. IRAQ-IRAN War and RUSSIAN occupation of AFGHANISTAN and what followed thereafter, involved unfortunate Pakistan very intimately. General ZIA stood boldly against all such threats and Pakistan came out successfully. But now, he was to be removed and that he was.

Chapter XII

MISCELLANEOUS

a.         NEW WORLD ORDER

We have seen that there was a time, after IRAN’s revolution which ousted AMERICA and its allies from the GULF region, when Americans had no place in Arabian Sea or Persian Gulf where they could harbour a ship, what helplessness! Russian Empire was disintegrating and a vacuum was being created, was well on the cards. The genius brains trust created a “New World Order Theory”. INDIA, a country which has hardly any position to help any one, because of its own precarious and pitiable domestic conditions, has been picked up to be built as a “HERO” in this new World Order. Pakistan should be under no illusions and should correctly understand the position it has been placed in this future drama. It is nothing more than a country or region ‘allowed’ or ‘permitted’ to exist under hegemonic control of the favourite. Policies and directions must come from the only Super Power (US) demonstrating her old intimate relationship for a share in the largest trading centre of a billion needy people. We now see all powers working towards that end and enforcing political order that suits such scheme of things. There is no doubt, that Pakistan has been told clearly that it has now no role to play in Persian Gulf, it has nothing to do with the future state of things in Afghanistan. In the United States there is a lobby which is always impressed by India and they continue to hope that India shall deliver them in Asia if Indian hegemony is established. If in the days after World War II there were some democrats like Professor Galbraiths and Kennedies, we now have Presslers and Solarz. Well that is their matter and they may be wiser but let one thing be clearly understood that opportunistic policies or those backed by Dollars and not with sincerity do not win friends.

Pakistan, which is under international debt beyond her capacity to repay and having lost warmth of its sincere friends in the region can hardly show any independence of its policies. In spite of such risks to lose American patronization Pakistan cannot ever please America one-sidedly while India does not see reason and does not honour her commitments on Kashmir. There should be no Camp David. The United States or someone on their behalf may say that why should United States lift our burden to maintain armed forces and defence structure which are beyond our means and this despite the fact that over the past four decades Pakistan has been best of friends for the United States. Throughout her cold war confrontation with USSR, NATO, CENTO, SEATO, Bases for US or at the United Nations, Pakistan has been a faithful and reliable friend.

Break up of USSR has brought into existence many independent states in Asia. These states which are land locked have very realistically stated that their trading routes cannot be from the ports of Baltic Sea or Sea of Japan. Economic factors dictate their trading through warm water ports of Iran and Pakistan.

United States, after her rupture of relations with Iran managed to acquire dominating position in the Gulf through 'Drama' of Iraq-Kuwait war and subsequent punishment to Iraq through presence of Rapid Deployment Force. This also entrenched Americans in the Arabian Sea.

The United States, which was friendless in the region and was surprised by Russia in Afghanistan found General Zia-ul-Haq's Pakistan taking the entire brunt of Afghan war. Americans were greatly facilitated and Afghan war of USSR occupation was won by no other person but General Zia-ul-Haq. At that time the Americans agreed to almost any policy of the late general and the USSR packed up and not only left Afghanistan but was broken up.

Afghan war won so dearly, has not brought any stability or advantages of any kind to Afghanistan or Pakistan. The conditions continue to be still extremely non friendly and Pakistan cannot have free inter communication with newly freed states of the north.

Russia, still a superpower with immense strength of its nuclear weapons, aircraft and tanks is a high potential danger unless they achieve economic stability. Democratic forces and the old order faithfuls are still struggling. In the meantime one good thing that has happened is Chinese friendly gestures to Russia and their mutual settlement of disputes.

The United States, not finding it easy to capture Baltic States, Eastern Europe and Russian trade against European Community, has not been able to find ways of reaching the “Cradle of Civilisation” Central Asian new States. How can they when they don't treat honourably and in fairness the three strategic countries in the region, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan?

United States stake in Far East or Western Pacific is manifest of their relationship with South Korea, Japan, Taiwan and Philippines, does not allow confidence to develop with major country – China. This factor has unnerved United States and their shallow and ad hoc thinkers which makes them seek friendship with India with the hope that this second largest populated country will balance things against China. How very wrong Americans are here - India may look to be the greatest (Populous) democracy, is in no position to befriend America. India's track record should be enough eye opener.

b.         Poppy Crop

In earlier chapter we have discussed prevailing conditions in the tribal territories of North West British India. Same territory is now notorious for growing of Poppy and for manufacturing of Heroine Drug. Also in the same territory we find 'Klashnikov' culture predominating. How has this happened is to be studied.

During British rule over India, the local population of these territories as well as those living in settled districts of North West Frontier Province and the Princely states of this region were known to be using 'Naswar' a preparation of Tobacco which was chewed, also there were many opium eaters but nothing like 'Heroine' existed here.

Withdrawal of British and conditions of Pakistan could not adequately meet growing economic needs of the people. What were they to do? The West opened new avenues of employment in the Middle East because of their heavy exploitation of oil. At the same time KARACHI, the only Sea Port, (International) saw rapid growth of industry as well as commercial development which attracted a very large population from Northern areas of Pakistan. Contacts with Gulf States enhanced their field of unauthorized but very attractive trades. The knowledgeable and influentials saw great opportunities of 'Heroine' trade and there it was. Poppy growing attracted small crop field owners and the moneyed ones raised 'Heroine' manufacturing factories. Bureaucrats and unscrupulous influentials became 'Traffickers' and the most unwanted and undeserved culture developed. The Americans tried their best through suppressive methods to control this but have not met with success. Billions of dollars are spent to stop it but it continues. Surely there must be good reason for American failure and for 'Heroine' culture to continue. Some local political personalities have justified it calling it a normal crop like all other crops-after all poppy is a green plant grown in similar field as for other crops.

Heroine manufacturing industry is like any other industry. Some are giving reasoning which is very difficult to reject. They question: Are not the advanced countries manufacturing more lethal weapons such as aeroplanes, tanks, guns, rockets, Nuclear and Chemical weapons and other weapons of mass killing. These are being manufactured without any ban or check and these are sold and used for mass killings. They argue to ask what is more criminal? Since the end of World War-II such weapons have been used against Third World countries and their producers have only enjoyed fat money they earned through sales of these. Surely Heroine drug is to be eliminated for good from human society if it is to survive and remain healthy. And surely there must be an effective method which has not yet been discovered by the most concerned nation (US). They have so far depended on their own so called experts and men of wisdom-they come, spend some time in the region, discuss the matters with some local men of equal interest and spend millions which produce no results. Should not Americans seek some help from the people who live here and who may be better judges of measures?

Earlier mention of another highly destructive and unwanted culture that has developed in this region viz 'Klashnikov' culture is to be considered. Now some thought should be given to this phenomenon. The British withdrawal from east of Suez and grant of independence to Indian sub-continent occurred at the same time when the USSR emerged as one of the two Super Powers and the world was to see a long ‘Cold War’, lasting more than four decades. Russian influence  increased considerably in Afghanistan and the vacuum created was not filled adequately by the United States.

Poor and new state of Pakistan was surrounded by unfriendly and inimical India and the USSR. Afghanistan even did not recognize the new state and India was very happy to have dominating position in that country with the approval of USSR. What was the United States policy for this region?

While India being a central country of Neutral Bloc formed between most populous and large countries of China, Indonesia and India in Asia and important countries of Egypt and Yugoslavia of the Mediterranean. She (India) flirted with 'Eastern Block' rather USSR in all political and economic matters to the detriment of the free world led by the United States. Their role in this matter over five decades should be enough to see where its sympathies lie.

There came the American rupture of relations with Iran and following that the restless USSR invaded Afghanistan. Here again who faced Russia, before their back was broken and they retreated? Not only retreated but the Union brokeup releasing more than one dozen countries. How can any fair mind belittle or negate Pakistan’s role under Late General Zia-ul-Haq? Of course the US assistance in monetary and weapons support was there but the major role was played by Pakistan. More than three million Afghan nationals came in the territory which is being discussed. Of course, some refugees went to Iran but that country has better economic resources and also is looked upon by Russia and India as a friend, so the entire brunt fell on Pakistan. As a consequence free movement of unlicensed and unauthorized weapons including Klashnikov and even anti aircraft missiles went into the hands of locals fighting Russian invasion. Availability of such weapons in entire length and breadth of Pakistan has completely ruined law and order situation.

But the patronizing friends of US have coined a new World Order in which Pakistan has no importance and to the contrary we find India being helped to be a regional hegemonic power with our interest in C.A.R. and Afghanistan ignored, and India is given priority over Pakistan. Should such a policy breed confidence amongst sincere friends?

Any analyst should study in detail the peculiarities, needs and psychology of people of this vital region and no policy will ever succeed unless the people of this region are whole heartedly cooperating.

c. Pakistan Martial Spirit

One exemplary action was that of Lt Col Raja Akram who was on Sialkot border during Indo-Pak war. Indians had infiltrated during dark hours and they occupied a high ground close to border. Raja Akram’s battalion wasn't deployed and was in a concentration area much in the rear. Having come to know of that, he planned a daylight immediate attack with little preparation over flat open ground, which probably cannot be justified militarily. However, Raja had his own logic and he would not leave the enemy in possession of ground of high advantage. He asked his men if they would volunteer for that suicidal attack which he would go for in any case. His men stood by him and with whatever little fire support, smoke screen and fieldcraft that he could use, with that he attacked. Raja shouting Muslims war cry “Allah-ho-Akbar” (Allah is Great) reached close to enemy trenches from where he could personally fire with his sten gun, received multiple bullets from enemy crossfire from automatic weapons - he lay martyred. There were heavy casualties, he did not recover the ground because his troops couldn't reach it, but Raja had shaken hearts of his enemy who did not dare move forward. He raised the morale of Pakistan Army and his nation sky high. May Allah bless his noble and highly patriotic soul.

Lt. Col Haq Nawaz Kiani's action in recovering Leepa Valley positions after 1971 war is highly commendable. In that his battalion was deployed in TITHWAL Sector in a famous valley called Leepa. At the time of ceasefire, that battalion had held its ground but Indian forces much larger in numbers, occupied unmanned hill tops and encroached in many places after announcement of ceasefire. Such has always been common with these Indians. Kayani on resumption of Command, refused Indian pressure asking Pakistani troops to vacate the surrounded position. In May 1972, many months after ceasefire Kayani came and stayed with me for the night. After his midnight prayers he came to my bedside and asked me a question. I could see that he was very much perturbed and his question looked childish to me. He had asked me, if it would provoke a fresh war, in case he evicted the intruding Indians from the positions which they had wrongfully occupied. I replied that it was more likely that the affair shall remain local and it should not escalate to that extent. A few days later Kayani had attacked those high mountain peaks (about 8000 ft. and above) receiving a piece of shrapnel on his neck and one destroying his right kidney, he breathed his last. A few days later we received his letters to his wife, father-in-law, elder son ASGHAR NAWAZ and his spiritual guide. He had categorically predicted his martyrdom saying that he would lay down his life to achieve for Azad Kashmir and Pakistan what was their right and he would teach a lesson to treacherous Indians who knew no morals and ethics. He earned a very well deserved second award of “SITARA-E-JURAAT” (Posthumous). This action of Kayani put me to hard thinking on chivalry and Pakistan security. We have to read citations of recommendations for those heroes who earned “Nishan-e-Haider” the highest gallantry award and also deeds and acts of valour of those who received next higher gallantry awards.

Another example of daring, courage and fearless dedication will show how Pakistan marshal blood works. It was during last hours of December 1971 Indo-Pak war that, feeling triumphant as a result of “fall of Dacca” a Madras Battalion (18 Madras) closed on a flank of Pakistan's much extended defended locality in Umarkot sector of Sindh. A young Captain Muhammad Mumtaz Khan of 26 Baloch Regiment could not reconcile to waiting for Indians to attack and he obtained permission to go for offensive while the Indians were in the process of deploying to his front. “With his Company strength of less than 100 Infantrymen he attacked and destroyed that battalion which retreated for more than thirty kilometers leaving behind their reserve ammunition, mortars, anti tank guns and other weapons including their loaded vehicle of Intelligence Section equipment and also many prisoners. Just imagine, whereas East Pakistan was almost overrun by Indians, here was this young officer not caring for his life who goes in for attack against many times superior force, only because of chivalry and family background. His daring action would have earned him the highest gallantry award had it not been the atmosphere of defeat in those very moments for Pakistan higher Command. Mumtaz is my own younger brother and I being on duty in the Operations Room at GHQ, in those very hours, spoke to him on telephone through Major later Brigadier Imtiaz. Words of my brother will ever remain as a proud memory for me, when he said that he was speaking to me from the "graveyard of 18 Madras Battalion of India".

A nephew Raja Gulistan who was under training in National Service and had met his uncle Captain Mumtaz before attack recounts that the daring young officer had told him of his high morale. He had said that in case he remained alive he would "Inshallah" earn at least a "Sitara-e-Juraat", and he would certainly go for the highest gallantry award of “Nishan-e-Haider”, even if it meant giving his life.

Considering Indo-Pak inimical relations of perpetual nature because of power drunk and bigger India's obduracy in non-acceptance at heart of a homeland for millions of Muslims in Indian sub-continent. One should take into account the spirit, cause and performance of the two countries. Pakistan as a country is the need of millions of Muslims and they have asked for and have created this country at extreme sacrifices for the same. They will not accept to be serfs and subservients to Hindus whose personal laws and beliefs are poles apart from Muslims. It is for this cause that Muslims of Pakistan and Kashmir have fought so bravely and it could be good for India to realise this fact. These diehard Muslims will never accept Indian hegemony at any cost, India supported by Superpowers and industrialised selfish powers try to pressurise Pakistan. In fact a careful and detailed fair account of India’s such stubborn policy will establish how much India and of course other countries of this unfortunate sub-continent have lost over these 50 years of hard earned Independence. Is not India very close to break up into its natural, ethnic, linguistic and geographical states like the demised USSR, which has had to release 15 independent and sovereign states, for its own existence. What has happened to "YUGOSLAVIA"? There are others on the list.

Pakistan is strangulated and pressurised, by IMF and World Bank as well as the US to reduce its armed forces while India is being aided in every way to become a Superpower. Will that not amount to Pakistan's death. By the grace of Allah, Pakistan has, despite all hurdles, succeeded in acquiring nuclear weapons capability. No matter how many hundred and more powerful bombs and bomb carrying Agni Missiles India may produce, Pakistan with even 10-15 bombs will ensure Indian bombs to remain in their cold storages, because India cannot accept destruction of even 10 of her large cities. Therefore, when pushed to wall against all cannons of justice, Pakistan will and it must produce its nuclear weapons and in doing so if it has to perish, God forbid, then let it go down with courage rather than surrender. Pakistan according to my experience and witnessing the major events of the world during second half of 20th Century, has great and bright future and all its enemies will be controlled by the hidden hand - reason, Pakistan is honest, peaceful, justified in its declared goals and has no ulterior designs and it must be rewarded appropriately. On the other hand, India under newly emerging fundamentalist forces such as B.J.P. of Vajpayee, Advani, Jaswant and Thakre, which dreams of a “MAHA BHARAT”, extending overareas much outside its present legitimate borders is doomed to disintegration.

 Let it be brought home to those wishful and unrealistic, greedy thinkers, who have created such an inimical situation between India and Pakistan that if Aryan Indians of North India, were early Aryans, those living in Pakistan are later Aryans infused with spirit and blood of Arabs, Turks and Persians, Afghans and Mangols. These marshal people will stand true to their blood come what may.

Muslim - Hindu tussle over centuries has a record of Muslims domination and victories. Let us not forget fateful battles of "PANI PAT". In recent times Pakistani nation's performance against their enemy has been commendable considering the comparison and odds of resources, weaponry and outside support. One success that Indians are proud of is the cessation of East Pakistan with Indian military operations. No fair thinking analyst will consider 1971 conflict as a military defeat of Pakistan. It was its own nationals (of East Pakistan) up in revolt, it were they who paralysed a few Pakistan Army formations scattered all over the country with “hostile” population, who helped much larger Indian Armed Forces to be triumphant. Since then, in spite of all propaganda Pakistani nation and its Armed Forces have reorganised themselves with much greater vigour and  now a new generation of political leaders as well as the officers and men who compose Armed Forces of today. Even a small population of Kashmiri Muslims has held up more than 7,00,000 men of Indian Army supported by Air and every thing else. The point that stands out is that these martial people of Pakistan are the best fighters and no sabotage or undermining of their spirit is possible.

d. Recall to Army Service

In the middle of 1970, it became clear that war with India, was unavoidable and Pakistan government’s decision of ordering military action in East Pakistan earlier in the year necessitated recall of certain reservist officers and other ranks. I was given an appointment at the Army General Headquarters in the Military Intelligence Directorate. That position gave me chance of witnessing happenings in East Pakistan very closely. Some odd weeks before the Indian Army invaded East Pakistan I had a chance to visit Dacca where I proceeded on an official assignment.

The atmosphere was so tense, the cantonment so deserted, the local East Pakistanis so very hostile and offending, that anyone could have predicted the final outcome. For me, it was so hurting that I did not know what I could do for my country’s unity and rehabilitation of mutual confidence between the people of two wings, who I am sure even today need each other. But could a small and insignificant man like me do anything other than do his best within his jurisdiction and pray for the best. For long time my thoughts went to my dear ones with whom I had spent a loving four years including the tense days of confrontation with India in 1965. From various sources, mention of some of old colleagues was made but nothing could be authentic. Quite a number of West Pakistani officers and men met treatment which would put any one to shame. Many lost lives through brutal and torturous murders. It was but natural to think of the possible horror, I was there during tenure of recall service and when the Indian invasion took place. East Pakistan was soon overrun and the Pakistan Army troops had to surrender. Here in West Pakistan we had a large number of East Pakistanis (Bangladeshis) from all the three services and civil services as well. They were in the safe hands of authorities and were in their own country till the time of departure to their new country but those Pakistanis (West Pakistanis) who surrendered in East Pakistan went through a most humiliating and torturous long imprisonment in Indian jails and camps. We lived to see that most humiliating and torturous tragedy. When recalling those days one wonders how did East Pakistanis adjust their conscience to be strange bed fellows with Indians who they had equally been considering as enemies, may be more. But such are historic vicissitudes of life - today you feel triumphant and winner and tomorrow you may be on the other end.

e. Experience With an Industrial Concern

My next job after retirement from recall service was as an Administrative Officer with a medicine producing concern. May & Baker, later bought over by R.P. of France which had a medicine producing factory located at Wah. Earlier I had served with a leading construction company. The appointment was junior most and certainly the most thankless one, it concerned, security, transport, clothing, cleanliness, house keeping, canteen (Fair Price Shop) and anything else. Other well placed career officers did not feel like doing. I was the seniormost in age and of course in length of service.

During the early days, I found hostility from such men who make the hard core for workers union. An odd week earlier a Managing Director of another concern which shared office building with May & Baker was beaten in his office by their workers union members. In our case, almost every now and then the office bearers of workers union and some self styled leaders among workers, abused officers with hurling threats. It was a challenge, although it was different person who was the Employees Relations Officer, I was given most of his job. I was lucky to have survived through many attempts at implicating me through mean and filthy allegations. But thanks to ALLAH  that where there are such ill-disciplined, bad and loathsome people, there are good ones as well, who usually are a silent majority. We had about 6-7 dozen female workers as well who generally were young and unmarried, joining the service soon after Matriculation or Intermediate. In our country, where every girl's desire is to live a married life and to have a home, she can often be misled by advances of well placed and attractive young male workers. Putting petrol and fire side by side certainly places a very heavy responsibility on any one responsible for maintenance of atmosphere free of any serious incident. Not very soon but as the time clicked, my efforts at helping to create a clean and respectable order was materialising. Now the workers became less hostile, some of them including almost all female workers started addressing me as “uncle” and they would seek my presence among them, especially during tea or lunch breaks. They would make special effort at wishing me while entering the gate while coming to work and similarly while leaving the same at day's end. I had to take special care of my own conduct, alertness, fairness and dealing with any complaint on its merits irrespective of consequences. At times it was difficult and against the diplomacy or lenient ways suggested by some, but I maintained firmness and stood by principles. This display of fearless character paid great dividends and for good 5-6 years, on that job, I had no difficulties. I suffered from severe attack of Angina of Heart and was admitted to hospital for treatment and I am in debt to every single employee of that concern for their continued prayers for my recovery and good health. They did it individually and also collectively. I was 60 years of age and requested for retirement but my Managing Director and on his recommendation, the higher authorities in LONDON, turned down my request and I was kept on their rolls for two more years (till the ailment stabilised).

It is difficult to forget the farewell that was given to me. It was first ever, by workers, attended by all employees and officers. I cannot thank them enough for the respectful words, both male and female workers used in their addresses and speeches. To confirm it, when the kind Managing Director was requested to say a few words, he simply said “Every one can see warmth and affection and you people have left no words for me to use”. What a pleasure it was to leave a happy atmosphere with administration and workers in utmost harmony and respecting each other’s rights and positions. I am glad that even today, after 10 years, I find that Industrial Unit, at Wah, as homely as I left it. On one occasion I made a mistake to walk in to the factory during working hours and it almost created a standstill, realising it I at once came out by saying that I shall reappear during break. This establishes one fact that Pakistan’s human material is the finest in the world and only if they can be spared or saved from unscrupulous and selfish exploiters. My stay, for good many years, with “May & Baker” at Wah Cantonment is memorable and it would be unfair if I did not mention the Good and Honest team of officers which laid foundations for this industrial concern to be one of the best in the country. Mr. I.A. Khan’s team included among others, officers such as a young and pleasant Syed Nanak-ul-Hassan Zaidi, Engineer Incharge Power House who also maintained the medicine manufacturing machinery. He was also the civil works engineer and was efficient in all respects. I considered him to be “darling” of the concern because there was NOT a committee or a mission of which he was not a member. Even the administration always found him to be the best person to deal with the “Bargaining Agents” - the most difficult people to deal with in any industrial concern. There were officers like SYED HASSAN ASKARI of the production and K.R. MALIK who organised the sales department and eventually became marketing manager. They have both died - Allah May Bless their noble souls - they were my good friends. RAJA MUHAMMAD YOUNAS was Head of Accounts and also Secretary of the company while Mr. SHAFEEQ SIDDIQUI, a noble person was Administrative Manager. They were kind friends. We lived in same residential colony and had long years of social closeness. Some hardworking, zealous and dedicated Junior Officers and staff members included, K.D. AWAN, who is now top Sales Manager, MR. ANWAR and MASOOD UL HASSAN of Accounts and SOHAIL in Administration. Among the workers the 'King Pins' were men like MUHAMMAD SADIQ, MIR MUHAMMAD, MUHAMMAD SALEEM, SHER KHAN, JUMA KHAN and NASEER HASHMI who contributed very well. SYED NIAZ HUSSAIN SHAH's security team was always under pressure and allegations from all sides. I pray for them all who co-operated to the maximum.

f. Decade Through Heart Disease

From 1992, my Angina of Heart disease started deteriorating and there were other worries as well. Eyesight needed expert check and I was shocked when the good eye consultant surgeon Dr Mazhar Qayum at the ALSHIFA TRUST EYE HOSPITAL advised me for immediate operation for GLAUCOMA for both eyes. In fact he said that even one day lost would cause irreparable loss. My caring friend Mr Ikram Sehgal forced my admission in AL SHIFA that very day. A gap of 8-10 weeks was advised between the operations of two eyes. God was kind and complete success in both cases was achieved. Deterioration of the Heart disease forced my brother Brigadier Muhammad Mumtaz Khan to take me to the Pakistan Institute of Cardiology at Rawalpindi Military Hospital. There the efficient and kind Cardiologist Colonel (now Brigadier) Khalid while carrying out Angiography had kept the surgical team stand by for he considered “By Pass” operation a “Must”. Pakistan top Heart Surgeon, ranking one of the Top most in the world, the noble and ever pleasant Brigadier Masood ur Rehman Kayani (now Maj General) assisted by Major Asif carried out the “Open Heart Surgery” and the needed “By Pass” operation. Look at my luck and Almighty Allah’s kindness to me that while the greater majority of persons who underwent such operations were aged between 40-55 years. In my case, I was 68, a really advanced age for easy recovery. This happened in February 1993 and I am enjoying satisfactory health ever since and in the words of the great Surgeon (Preoperation) my quality of life has improved tremendously, in fact I wish to state that but for the weaknesses or cautions which are necessary at 75 in any case, I have no difficulties. My grateful prayers are continuously there for all these gentlemen and those in the hospital working in various capacities who cared. In spite of my being a total burden, Ikram who was there by my bed side, along with Mumtaz, when I opened my eyes, wouldn't' let me off and continued to sustain me and look after me, in his own words, "Like his father". Then I told him earnestly that I was feeling guilty because of my incapacity to contribute towards his dedication to help those who constitute his great team. I requested him to retire me - very reluctantly and after good lapse of months he agreed to say that I could retire from active list but I would remain his firm’s “Consultant”.

I have given this personal account of gratitude for no other reasons but for one. It is my sincere belief that it is for such noble, sincere and God fearing people like Ikram ul Majeed Sehgal that our society is surviving. How much we should wish that there were more of his type. I wouldn’t say that all has been “Rosy” but it is always difficult to have to work with intelligent and dynamic people. On retirement from MAY & BAKER, I spent a couple of years trying to fight out the pressures of Angina of Heart and finding it difficult to move about much, I retired from active life and shifted to my home town JHELUM. At that time my elder son IMRAN SARWAR was our bread earner and was serving with a French based Construction Company in SAUDI ARABIA. My other son was a student of a Medical College at QUETTA. Both being away, it was a problem for me and my wife, down with advanced stage of Diabetes, to drive car in emergency. So resigning before the fate I decided to live in a house owned by my cousin brother Alhaj Khan Zaman a retired army Subedar at JHELUM. Living at Jhelum was of an additional advantage for other family member's nearness in difficult times. At that time Mr. IKRAM-UL-MAJEED SEHGAL, mentioned earlier, a young Subaltern of 2nd East Bengal Regiment of 1965 War days had sought me and then virtually lifted me from JHELUM to ISLAMABAD. He was the same IKRAM SEHGAL whose father (Lieutenant Colonel ABDUL MAJID SEHGAL) had raised and commanded 2nd East Bengal Regiment. He as a child and a boy owed much to that battalion. On graduating from Pakistan Military Academy with honours, he was posted to his father’s battalion and that is where we met first. Of course, I had seen him when he was a boy and his father was my instructor on two occasions on professional courses. He was called “CHAND” (Moon) by his parents.

He respected my wife like his own mother and called her “Auntie”. Our affectionate links continued even after my retirement during his postings in West Pakistan.

In 1988, he had established himself as a good starter in private business, his career having undergone a drastic and major change due to events of military action in East Pakistan and thereafter. Ikram (CHAND) had secured a most important contract of providing Diplomatic Security to all establishments of United States in Pakistan, for his Security Company which he named Security and Management Services (Pvt) Ltd. Besides his being a good economist, he established himself as a military strategist and a wizard on security matters. His being a journalist of non partisan views gave him more fame and he looked like a ‘rising star’. In spite of my sincere efforts to convince him that I was no more agile, or physically fit nor temperamentally suited for diplomatic assignments or job requiring patience and tolerance, he insisted for me to work with him. The job required dealing with thousands of ex-soldiers of various ranks and from all armed forces, now in civilian dress and frame of mind. But CHAND wouldn't listen to any argument and stuck to his demand. I was installed as Resident Director of his Security Company at ISLAMABAD in the end of 1988.

Good six years, saw us develop an experienced and leading  Security Company, having about 5000-6000 employees on the rolls. This certainly was a challenging affair because the country has gone through its roughest and worst political as well as economical state of affairs. We being the people at serving end at places like ISLAMABAD, LAHORE, KARACHI, PESHAWAR, QUETTA and many other important cities, it is difficult to count a day when there wasn’t a recommendatory telephone call or a note from some Minister, Member of Parliament or an influential official for a person to be employed. The unemployment being at its peak, the pressures were great, especially from some political people. In many cases we received serious threats to our lives besides the possible fate of our Security Company. These had to be faced in a soldierly manner and we, I am glad, are still going about, our business and helping people on both ends - the man requiring security and the man needing job.

Those interested to know about intricacies and underlying causes of security problems may like to have some brief account of perceptions. One has to view the situation in the context of international political interest in the region and employment of various foreign intelligence agencies. Besides it is a nation in-making with its major economic, social and internal political problems. The situation of law and order in our major city of KARACHI doesn't need any introduction. Peshawar for its being hub or base during Afghanistan's civil war and twin cities of RAWALPINDI-ISLAMABAD are not far away from PESHAWAR. Major events of sabotage like OJHARI blast and NOWSHERA blast are engineered by such forces that are always at play.

Once or twice I was asked by very senior officials having to deal with the administration of ISLAMABAD, to suggest some ways and means to improve security situation. Diplomatic Corps and our Federal Government with all its subordinate machinery are the real core around which the web of supporting civilian population of ISLAMABAD is woven. A few pertinent and outstanding factors which cannot escape any appreciation on security perceptions shall follow:

First thing that strikes my mind, and kindly do keep in mind that I am one of those who were very much associated with creation of Pakistan, is the layout of the city. We have the major Boulevard of ISLAMABAD (JINNAH ROAD), which runs down from the Presidency and the Parliament House Buildings. On the hillside of this divide we have Residential Plots which are very large allowing construction of large structures and vast lawns and open spaces all around the built-up structures. Often these are occupied by a family whose children being young are not permanent residents for obvious reasons of their own occupations. These senior and well to do couples have at least half a dozen servants each. To mention a few, the cook, gardener, driver, sweeper or cleaner, a female servant and a watchman. Some are residents and occupants of servant quarters attached to these big houses while others have to find some abode, if possible not too far away. Such a requirement is met through a number of arrangements. In one case these poor needy people hire a room somewhere in the outskirts and in the other case about a dozen or more unauthorised and unplanned colonies of mud huts have sprung up anywhere where there is a flood water channel or such ground which has been deliberately left open by the Capital Development Authority. Such a large number of private servants surely have their own standards and ways of life and they surely do not match in any way with those of the families for whom these people work. Other than a temporary bond of employer/employee there is nothing common between these people which should create goodwill or mutual respect between these two classes. This latter fact must be seriously taken note of because it is this factor which forms the basis of grassroots level security problems.

In some cases, especially in case of Foreign Embassies or semi-permanent offices of such foreign origin, some of the servants have become semi-permanent occupants of servant quarters and the outgoing family ensures that the incoming does not disturb the old faithful. In worst cases temporary servants have no job security and during the course of their employment they are often threatened with dismissal. In the case of former, the more secure servant is well qualified to poison the mind of the employer about the temporary and insecure one, thus causing a serious security risk inside the house. In case of the insecure servants it can be said that they have to be real good and have to pass through severe tests before they gain job security. These men, when under pressure and in desperation, consult each other, either outside their house walls or when visiting local markets in pursuance of their duties. It would shock many ignorants if they can somehow be at such a place indisguise to hear what is talked about. There is such a great class hatred, confounded more by one popular political party, it is difficult to believe that we are part of same society. That also shows how careless are the employers in their domestic lives when closely watched by such servants. Isn't it being highly irresponsible behaviour in maintaining a contented servant which is an art by itself. The greenbelts and open spaces provide ample escape opportunities to those who commit crime. There is no one to challenge once he is in the open and has not been unlucky to be caught red-handed. Employers Card is a sure guarantee against any check. There are cases on record where crime was committed by ex-servants of such houses and in a few cases there were local policemen in collaboration. A little earlier it has been mentioned that on the hillside of this road are houses which are very large in area and on the other side small houses which often have combined walls. There are blocks of 2-3-4 storied flats which show how in 'poultry farm like' fashion the lower rank employees are accommodated. In the same small, modern town you have such a glaring social demarcation that it really is like two worlds poles apart. The psychology of living is so vastly different and how can you have the two, the ‘have nots’ and the ‘surplus haves’ to live in sympathy with each other. Add to these facts the earlier stated another fact that the ‘core’ of Islamabad is the government officials and the Diplomatic Corps or the top society men. Under such unbalanced planned conditions how is it possible to kill the root cause of crime.

The other glaring reason can be seen from the fact that one can safely challenge any resident if he can claim knowledge of who lives on his four sides, leave alone the ones a house apart. There is no street and civic discipline and can anyone dare challenge a stranger or uncommon face loitering about in a street. He could well claim to be an honoured guest or a relation of some one just close by. You, therefore, unconsciously permit anyone to gather any information at his will. Add to this a major nonsense of these young or well dressed middle age gentlemen and grownup boys who carry some sort of notebook or a printed receipt book and claim to represent some supposed charitable institution or a mosque under construction. Pertinent thing to note here is the timing of such visits to various residential areas - usually it is between 0900 hours to 1300 hours on working days. Let us think who is found at the residences at these hours? Only the house ladies and in many cases they are lonely or are required to attend to ringing of bell right when they are busy in their domestic work. What better method can the information gatherers adopt than this. Is it against any law to ban such people from operating during such hours. Why can’t these people be made to do their collections when either the menfolk or grownup children are back from offices/schools/colleges?

Another major cause which causes deterioration of law and order situation is the shameless political rivalries which encourages and supports criminals and criminality. In many cases it is the unscrupulous political figure who maintains and supports bad lots so as to have sway in the area. For criminal acts conducted on his behalf against the opponents, the criminal would demand latter’s support in manifold personal crimes. Such is the ploy used to gain and establish personal influence.

Under the circumstances explained briefly, how can any law-enforcing agency operate with success. In our case we have had to go through every bit of what has been stated. There have been cases where even the ‘Guards’ or the Gate-men have deliberately caused false alarms only to enhance their own value. Is there not a need for well-coordinated and well-cared for cadre of organised Security Firms which should have best of facilities for thorough checks on the personnel whom they employ? Today, you terminate a wrong type and first thing he does is to get into next door eagerly awaiting another firm and the follow up thing is the hue and cry created through political and other influences.

g. Karakorams-Glaciers- Highest Plateau-World’s Highest Battlefield

Northern areas of Pakistan covered with very high mountains which include western Himalayas, the Karakorams and the Hindukush. World’s greatest number of Glaciers and maximum number of highest mountain peaks are found here. The ancient ‘Silk Route’ passes through this area and so does the mighty Indus River, also called “The Lion River”. This region is catchment area for Indus River and its tributaries which have formed and continue to give fertility and perennial water to the Indus Plains having civilisations such as MOENJODARO - HARAPPA - GHANDHARA and TAXILA. I have always been very eager to see this area, and once during 1971, I had booked myself on an Air Service for GILGIT and SKARDU, the two important towns. Unfortunate for me that due to bad weather the flights continued to be cancelled for good six weeks and thereafter the change in circumstances forced me to cancel the trip.

My disappointment on this account was deeply noted by my son Dr. Shehzad Sarwar who is a Hiker by taste and hobby. He undertook a trip to the said region along with his foreign friends belonging to a ‘Hiking Club’ and he provided me, nearly all, information including some photographs. Some salient features which make this area a fresh centre of world attention are given below for interested readers. The Karakoram mountains boast of having 5 out of 14 world’s highest peaks which are above 8000 meters. As said earlier it has the largest number of glaciers including the ‘SIACHEN’ which is about 100 kilometers long and runs from North to South between K-2, the second highest Peak, after Mount Everest in Nepal and ends near Indus River flowing to its South from East to West. Ancient silk route to SINKIANG Province of China, which is now most strategic, passes from close distance.

The State of JAMMU and KASHMIR is in dispute between PAKISTAN and INDIA and the said glacier was on Pakistan side at the time of control at ceasefire. It remained unoccupied for long time because both India and Pakistan did not possess means to maintain troops there logistically. Then, India with aid from her friends especially the erstwhile USSR, obtained necessary equipment including Helicopters and then it occupied Siachen Glacier. Pakistan had to defend it and now for many years it is the battlefield at the highest altitude in the world history. Some of the military posts are at 22,000 feet above sea level. This has been stated to be the most expensive battlefield ‘Per man’ costs.

The other unique feature of this area is ‘DEOSAI’ Plain which is at a height of more than 14,000 ft, which makes it perhaps the highest plain in the world. It has nearly half of world's population of brown bear, water streams and pastures for survival of wild and other life are in plenty.

From ABBOTTABAD, an important Cantonment of Pakistan and SWAT Districts of NWFP the road leads to GILGIT town in the centre of this area. This is called the Karakoram Highway (KKH), which has been built through joint efforts of PAKISTAN and friendly CHINA. From GILGIT, one road branches off to the North and leads to CHITRAL district, on Afghanistan's border below the famous PAMIR KNOTT. The main KKH after passing through GILGIT leads to KHUNJERAB Pass at PAK-CHINA border. In CHITRAL we have descendants of GREEKS who came along with ALEXANDER ‘The Great’ in 326 B.C. These are pure Greeks who have maintained their blood, language and culture. They have very small population which has occupied small high pastures, surrounded by very high mountains. Remoteness of the area provided them security. They are beautiful and cheerful people who entertain their guests from all over the world.

SKARDU offers very tasty and well smelling soft apple. Also the most delicious of all fish 'TROUT' is found in plenty in its cold and clean water streams. Besides long gowns and ‘Shawls’ made from pure wool are often bought as gifts.

h. A Great British Tradition Maintained

Recordings of memories has to be concluded at a stage of writing and in this case I am lucky that an event, which has high priority with me and also is in fitness with the subject matter of the book, has occurred at most appropriate time.

During the first week of April 1997, my brother Brigadier Muhammad Mumtaz Khan S. J who has appeared in this book quite often, told me that he was being honoured by his installation as Honorary Colonel of 26 Baluch Regiment, on 14th of the month at SIALKOT and there was a warm invitation to me to attend the function.

My respect for British tradition and soldierly honours has been amply explained in the book. Here now was a God-given chance to witness, first hand, as a privileged guest, a ceremony connected with soldierly tradition.

We left RAWALPINDI in his staff car for SIALKOT, a distance of about 150 miles, which we covered in just over four hours. Now in SIALKOT Cantt, a series of co-incidences took place and for those who, like me, believe in such a thing, it would be interesting.

We had left main highway at WAZIRABAD, and having negotiated about 25 miles over a narrow and busy road were in the centre of SIALKOT Cantt. The first turn we took was to LEFT and a comment from my brother “this in the corner is the house where we lived in 1960-61”. I was then Officer Commanding of a small independent UNIT and he was a student of fine educational institute “MURRAY COLLEGE”, which has served SIALKOT more than any other during the Twentieth Century. Second turn took us to a vast premises. This was an Officers Mess where we were to stay. What a pleasant reminder of my first posting as a 2nd Lieutenant into the Frontier Force Regiment of late British Indian Army in February 1945, and this very place was our Officers Mess. An Reception I noticed a board at the face of the building reading “101 Brigade Officers Mess”. This was the famous Brigade which had rescued the territory of Kashmir, in 1947/48, what we call “Azad Kashmir” today. The Brigade was commanded by famous General Akbar Khan DSO and I was an additional GSO-III. Somewhat detailed account of those operations has been given in the book and now my thoughts were back by 49-50 years.

Next morning, I went to the host Battalion Lines alongwith pleasant Colonel Afzal Khan, the outgoing Honorary Colonel of 26 Baloch who drove the car. As those lines approached, I saw the familiar steel water tank, which stood high above all other surrounding buildings and tall trees. My father had a residence very close to it and this structure had two prominent features which were of my interest. Its high poles supporting the tank overhead were strengthened by Criss Cross of angle iron and that was attraction for climbing. The other thing was that there were, round the year, about one dozen Honeybee Combs. I would throw stones at those and some times a ‘hit’ would bring down a streak of honey flowing from the punctured combs. That was in 1934 when I was 9 years old.

We parked the car and then Colonel Afzal met, most warmly, about 70-80 ex soldiers, JCOs, NCOs and Sepoys. They were full of spirit and reminded me of various units of my own which went through such ceremonies. An officer is usually required to maintain some distance and somewhat control emotions on such occasions when in uniform. The Colonel was in civvies and espirit de corps would overwhelm the restraint and deep hugging and embracing was witnessed.

That showed how deep respect men had for their popular officers. No wonder that deep 'Bond' which makes you suffer all hazards together, was at display.

Somewhat, later the spontaneous, joyful shouts and mad rush that took place when Brigadier Mumtaz, for whom the ceremony was arranged appeared, is difficult to describe, only the Movie that was made would be true reflector. There were a few Major Generals, Ex Commanding Officers, some of whom walked with difficulty because of age and other handicaps, other officers, Junior Commissioned Officers and rank and file, receiving their Old Officer with hearty joy. They had all gathered for a grand “Durbar” in which their beloved soldier colleague was to be installed as their Colonel, the honour which he very well deserved. Some memorable speeches were made.

The Battalion calls itself "HINGORIANS" and the occasion was also to commemorate the day when on 17 December 1971, 'C' Company of the battalion Commanded by then Captain Mohammad Mumtaz Khan attacked enemy 18 Madras Battalion on Hingora Tar, a sand hill feature having a dominating position affecting "UMARKOT" town which commands a very vast area of SINDH. The attack was such a great success that the enemy battalion was virtually destroyed which abandoned its positions retreating about 30 Kms. It left behind many dead and prisoners of war. The young courageous captain earned for himself the gallantry award of Sitara-e-Juraat' (equivalent of Military Cross of Britain), while a few other awards were earned by his men. The Battalion earned for itself the honourable title of "HINGORIANS". The vast open parade ground where the ceremony was held was beautifully and tastefully decorated with colourful and very elaborate arrangement of tents with 6/7 feet high walls enclosure. The stage over which sat the ‘Guest of Honour’ (15 Div Comd), the New and Old Colonel Commandants were about 2 1/2 feet high with carpets covering. It had a speakers dais in one corner and decoration was simply lovely. On either side of this stage were arranged, on tables, the battalions collection of Silver, Trophies and War Trophies.

After recitation from the Holy Quran, by the battalion Maulvi (religious Teacher) the ceremony commenced with Lt Col. Ashfaq, the present commanding officer detailing the brief history and achievements of the battalion. He also emphasized the purpose of the function. No doubt he was a very proud commanding officer, because his unit had certainly performed so very well. Thereafter, the Chief Guest Major General Khalid Maqbool and Colonel Afzal, seated on either side of Brigadier Mohammad Mumtaz Khan rose to put new badges of rank on his shoulders. He saluted smartly and lent his shoulders for change of badges and then the cap was replaced. Hand shaking and congratulatory words over, he moved to the speakers stand for delivering his speech. He mentioned by name all his soldier colleagues who had earned this distinction on 17th December 1971, including those who died (Martyrs) and those who were there in that battlefield. He paid high tributes to “Shaheeds” (Martyrs). There were applauses and words of high appreciation, charging the atmosphere emotionally and one could see almost all eyes wet and tears came out of my own eyes. The General Officer Commanding 15 Division, the acting Chief Guest declared "Durbar" open with a long and highly appreciative words for the battalion. This was followed by group photographs and then the lunch, with battalion pipe band playing selective martial and national tunes. One remembered Scotland and Pipers which have a special place in Great Britain.

Returning to my room, in the mess, after lunch I decided to relax and not to attend any other function. In the room, vacated by a young officer for my temporary stay, I found a few books. One of those books dealt with a few selected sad episodes for some and pointed out fatal mistakes which resulted in defeats. The book emphasized the need to learn lessons from such events. A chapter on the disastrous GALIPOLI operations during World War I in which British Field Marshal BIRDWOOD was defeated by Turkish General KAMAL ATA TURK  at the DARDANELES, it was very attractive. I had read some other books on this battle long ago and now was an opportunity to read this second version. The author called it the “Greatest Defeat Ever” for British Forces. I wonder if that defeat was greater than the “Dunkirk” retreat by the British Expeditionary Force during World War II. That should be left for the British war historians, only a day earlier I had turned my head to right to salute ‘Birdwood House’, the first structure inside the very vast compound of Military College Jhelum, previously known as King George’s Royal Indian Military School (my Alma Mater), that was when we passed by the College on way to SIALKOT. I had been ‘Head Boy’ of this house also during 1943.

Memories are probably the best pastime friend in old age.