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Nuclear CBMs between India and Pakistan: Utilitarian Approach
How to build confidence about our nuclear intentions.
[ZAFAR NAWAZ JASPAL]

On April 5, 2004 Islamabad proposed New Delhi to host expert-level talks on May 25-26, 2004, to discuss nuclear confidence building measures (CBMs). The foreign ministry spokesman announced that the talks were proposed in pursuance of the roadmap worked out between the foreign secretaries of Pakistan and India on February 18, 2004. Importantly, the nuclear CBMs are not an alien concept for India and Pakistan. Both states had already signed some agreements, such as, non-attack on each other's nuclear installations and they have also been honouring the nuclear related agreements. However, in other areas the record of their commitment/responsibility with the agreed CBMs is not praise-worthy. On numerous occasions, India and Pakistan have cheated each other. Instead of restoring confidence, these measures have been used to take advantage of each other. In fact, mutual trust has been conspicuously missing.

The following study is an attempt to analyze importance of nuclear CBMs between India and Pakistan....more

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A Swirl in the Sub-Continent
There seems to be a shift in perception in South Asia.
[A RASHID]

When the president of Soviet Russia, Mikhail Gorbachev, announced an unconditional and unilateral withdrawal of all Soviet forces from Afghanistan, everybody smelt a rat in the recipe. Even the American superpower, with the most elaborate and sophisticated intelligence outfit construed it to be a deceptive move by the Soviet leadership. Everyone was left aghast when the Soviet army completed its withdrawal from Afghanistan with least hiccups. The withdrawal was not a ploy; it was genuine and was not an end in itself. It proved to be the preamble of the greatest drama, enacted on this planet, during the contemporary epoch, that is, disintegration of Soviet Russia, fall of Berlin wall, reunification of Germany and the demise of communism. All this was not an arbitrary happening, out of blue; the development was surely brought about by the dynamics of history.

Likewise the clouds of Indo-Pak antagonism also seem to be clearing from the sub-continental skies. The development promising termination of Indo-Pak vendetta, spread over some generations, is quite naturally being viewed with suspicion and distrust, by some quarters, who do not have an eye on the underpinnings of a sudden change of heart of the concerned leaderships. But there is a segment of vested interests as well, both in India and Pakistan, who have so far been thriving on the philosophy of crush Pakistan and crush India respectively. This later segment, hawks or the religious extremists, as known in the common parlance, is more vocal in expressing distrust and is also expected to fight tooth and nail to thwart the process of Indo-Pak rapprochement....more

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